Trolling is a highly effective fishing technique that allows anglers to cover large areas of water and target a variety of fish species. Whether you’re fishing in freshwater or saltwater, mastering trolling techniques can significantly increase your chances of a successful day on the water. In this article, we will explore some of the most effective trolling techniques that every angler should know.
Understanding Trolling Basics
Before diving into specific techniques, it’s essential to understand the basics of trolling. Trolling involves dragging one or more fishing lines behind a moving boat, allowing lures or bait to mimic the natural movement of prey. The speed of the boat, depth of the lure, and type of bait are all critical factors that influence the success of trolling. Adjusting these variables based on the target species and water conditions is key to effective trolling.
Selecting the Right Trolling Speed
The speed at which you troll can make a significant difference in your catch rate. Different fish species prefer different speeds, so it’s essential to adjust accordingly. For example, slower trolling speeds (1-2 mph) are ideal for species like walleye and lake trout, while faster speeds (3-5 mph) work well for predatory fish like salmon and tuna. Experimenting with various speeds and observing how fish respond can help you find the optimal trolling speed.
Using Planer Boards
Planer boards are essential tools for trolling, allowing anglers to spread their lines away from the boat and cover more water. This technique is particularly effective in clear water, where fish may be wary of the boat’s presence. By using planer boards, you can present your lures in a more natural manner, increasing the likelihood of a strike. Planer boards are available in various sizes and styles, so choose one that suits your fishing environment.
Depth Control with Downriggers
Downriggers are invaluable for controlling the depth of your lures while trolling. These devices allow you to target fish at specific depths, making them particularly useful when fish are holding deep in the water column. By adjusting the weight on the downrigger, you can precisely position your lure at the desired depth. This technique is especially effective when fishing for species like salmon, lake trout, and walleye, which often stay in deeper waters.
Choosing the Right Lures
Selecting the right lures for trolling is crucial to attracting your target species. Lures that mimic the natural prey of the fish you’re targeting are generally the most effective. For example, crankbaits, spoons, and spinners are popular choices for freshwater trolling, while soft plastics and trolling skirts are commonly used in saltwater. The color, size, and action of the lure should match the conditions and the fish’s behavior.
Varying Your Trolling Pattern
Fish are not always evenly distributed in the water, so varying your trolling pattern can help you locate them more effectively. Instead of trolling in a straight line, try zig-zagging, making wide turns, or following the contour of the shoreline or underwater structures. This variation can trigger strikes from fish that may not respond to a straight trolling path. Pay attention to where you get bites and adjust your pattern accordingly.
Using Multiple Lines
Using multiple lines while trolling increases your chances of a catch by presenting a variety of lures at different depths and distances from the boat. Many anglers use two to six lines, depending on the regulations in their area and the size of their boat. Ensure that the lines are spread out using planer boards, downriggers, or outriggers to prevent tangling. Using multiple lines also allows you to experiment with different lures and speeds simultaneously.
Monitoring Water Temperature and Structure
Fish are often found near specific water temperatures and structures, such as drop-offs, weed beds, or submerged logs. Use a fish finder or sonar to identify these areas and adjust your trolling route accordingly. Warmer or cooler water temperatures can also influence fish behavior, so it’s important to monitor the temperature and target the zones where your target species is most likely to be.
Paying Attention to Bait Presentation
How your bait or lure is presented can make a significant difference in attracting fish. Ensure that your lures are running straight and not twisted or tangled. The action of the lure should be natural, mimicking the movement of the fish’s prey. If using live bait, make sure it’s properly hooked and swimming naturally. Regularly check your lines to ensure your bait is in good condition and free of debris.
Conclusion
Trolling is an effective and versatile fishing technique that can yield impressive results when done correctly. By understanding the basics, selecting the right equipment, and varying your approach, you can significantly improve your trolling success. Whether you’re targeting freshwater or saltwater species, these techniques will help you become a more effective angler.